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近年来,由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)
感染所致的获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)
的患病率在我国呈上升趋势。鉴于我国医务工作者对艾滋病的诊治经验不多,因此提高对HIV感染的认识很有必要。据报道,在AIDS
患者中,98
%存在营养不良。[1]为此,本文结合近期文献对HIV
感染或艾滋病患者的营养不良发生机理、营养评估及其处理对策综述如下。
1
营养不良发生机理
发生营养不良主要有三个方面的原因:即经口摄入减少,物质代谢改变以及营养成分吸收障碍。
1.
1
经口摄入减少
1.
2
物质代谢的改变
1.
3
吸收障碍
2
营养状况的评估
2.
1
病史
2.
2
食欲
2.
3
体重和身体各部位的测量
2.
4
生化检验
3
营养不良的护理
3.
1
病因护理
3.
1.
1
摄入减少
3.
1.
2
物质代谢改变
3.
1.
3
营养吸收障碍
3.
2
临床护理
3.
2.
1
对症护理
3.
2.
2
一般营养指导
3.
3
心理护理 关注您的健康-文章源自http://WWW.NBJKW.COM/宁波健康网
3.
4
体育锻炼
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